GCC Naked Attribute
[RTOS Implementation Building Blocks]

The previous section showed how the 'signal' attribute can be used to write an ISR in C and how this results in part of the execution context being automatically saved (only the processor registers modified by the ISR get saved). Performing a context switch however requires the entire context to be saved.

The application code could explicitly save all the processor registers on entering the ISR, but doing so would result in some processor registers being saved twice - once by the compiler generated code and then again by the application code. This is undesirable and can be avoided by using the 'naked' attribute in addition to the 'signal' attribute.


void SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1A( void ) __attribute__ ( ( signal, naked ) );

void SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1A( void )
{
    /* ISR C code for RTOS tick. */
    vPortYieldFromTick();
}

The 'naked' attribute prevents the compiler generating any function entry or exit code. Now compiling the code results in much simpler output:


;void SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1A( void )
;{
    ; ---------------------------------------
    ; NO COMPILER GENERATED CODE HERE TO SAVE
    ; THE REGISTERS THAT GET ALTERED BY THE
    ; ISR.
    ; ---------------------------------------

    ; CODE GENERATED BY THE COMPILER FROM THE
    ; APPLICATION C CODE.

    ;vTaskIncrementTick();
    CALL    0x0000029B       ;Call subroutine

    ; ---------------------------------------

    ; NO COMPILER GENERATED CODE HERE TO RESTORE
    ; THE REGISTERS OR RETURN FROM THE ISR.
    ; ---------------------------------------
;}

When the 'naked' attribute is used the compiler does not generate any function entry or exit code so this must now be added explicitly. The RTOS macros portSAVE_CONTEXT() and portRESTORE_CONTEXT() respectively save and restore the entire execution context.:


void SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1A( void ) __attribute__ ( ( signal, naked ) );

void SIG_OUTPUT_COMPARE1A( void )
{
    /* Macro that explicitly saves the execution
    context. */
    portSAVE_CONTEXT();

    /* ISR C code for RTOS tick. */
    vPortYieldFromTick();

    /* Macro that explicitly restores the
    execution context. */
    portRESTORE_CONTEXT();

    /* The return from interrupt call must also
    be explicitly added. */
    asm volatile ( "reti" );
}

The 'naked' attribute gives the application code complete control over when and how the AVR context is saved. If the application code saves the entire context on entering the ISR there is no need to save it again before performing a context switch so none of the processor registers get saved twice.

Next: RTOS Implementation - The FreeRTOS Tick Code

GCC Naked Attribute [RTOS Implementation Building Blocks]

GCC Naked Attribute
[RTOS Implementation Building Blocks]