Do not be put off by the apparent complexity of the subject. FreeRTOS+TCP takes care of implementing the protocols. FreeRTOS+TCP users only need to know enough to understand the FreeRTOS+TCP configuration options, and how to use the standard Berkeley sockets interface to send and receive data. A FreeRTOS+TCP networking tutorial with simple worked examples and an API reference are provided on this website.
The following links provide a glossary of networking terminology, and are best read in order: